От истории Октября к истории Русской революции: сравнительный анализ методологических подходов к оценке событий 1917 г

Ludmila Nikolaevna Mazur

Аннотация


Столетний юбилей Революции 1917 г., перевернувшей историческую судьбу России, заставляет подвести определенные итоги ее изучения. В современной историо­графии представлены десятки авторских позиций, существенно отличающихся друг от друга. В зону дискуссии попадают базовые характеристики революции — ее хронологические рамки, характер, причины и результаты, движущие силы. Дискутируется и само понятие революции. Вместе с тем существуют дидактические потребности, связанные с преподаванием, которые предполагают необходимость согласования различных оценок рассматриваемого события.

В статье анализируются теоретические взгляды на Революцию 1917 г., которые опираются на различные методологические подходы, в том числе марксистский, цивилизационный, модернизационный, институциональный, синергетический, компаративный и проектный. В качестве историографических источников используются преимущественно обобщающие труды, ориентированные на типологический анализ событий революции.

При анализе историографических интерпретаций дискуссионных вопросов Революции 1917 г. автор предлагает использовать метод «согласования мнений экспертов», основанный на выявлении объективно возникающих точек пересечения мнений. Возможность такого согласования опирается на использование сходных познавательных процедур, основанных на дедуктивной или индуктивной логике суждений, а также выявление наиболее распространенных мнений.

Ключевые слова


Октябрьский переворот; Революция 1917 г.; Русская революция; хронологические рамки; характер; движущие силы; причины и цели революции.

Полный текст:

PDF

Литература


Afanasyev, Yu. N. (2007, 22 October). Tragediya pobedivshego bol’shinstva. Razmyshleniya ob otechestvennoj istorii i ee interpretaciya [The Tragedy of the Winning Majority. Reflections about Russian History and Its Interpretation]. Novaya gazeta. Retrieved from: http://www.yuri-afanasiev.ru/tragedy.html. (In Russian)

Ahiezer, A. S. (1997–1998). Rossiya: Kritika istoricheskogo opyta: Ot proshlogo k budushchemu [Russia: Criticism of Historical Experience: From Past to Future] (Vols. 1–2). 2nd ed. Novosibirsk: Sibirskij hronograf. (In Russian)

Alekseev, V. V. (2006). Stoletnyaya revolyuciya v Rossii [A Century-long Revolution in Russia]. In Marksizm: istoriya i sovremennost’ [Marxism: History and Modernity]. Pervyj kitajsko-rossijskij forum; Pekin, 20–21 noyabrya 2006 g. (pp. 27–34). Pekin. (In Russian)

Alekseev, V. V. (Ed.). (2000). Opyt rossijskih modernisacij XVIII–XX veka [Experience of Russian Modernisation between the 18th and 20th Centuries]. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)

Alekseev, V. V., Alekseeva, E. V., & Artyomov, E. T. (2011). Civilisacionnoe svoeobrazie rossijskih modernisacij XVIII–XX vv.: prostranstvenno-vremennoj aspect [Civilisational Peculiarities of the Russian Modernisation of the 18th — 20th Centuries: The Space-time Aspect]. Yekaterinburg: UrO RAN. (In Russian)

Babashkin, V. V. (2012). Dva bol’shevizma, ili Mesto Oktyabrya v Russkoj revolyucii [Two Bolshevisms, or the Place of October in the Russian Revolution]. In P. P. Marchenya, & S. Yu. Razin (Eds.), Rossiya i revolyuciya: proshloe i nastoyashchee sistemnyh krizisov russkoj istorii: sb. nauch. st. [Russia and the Revolution: The Past and Present of the Systemic Crises of Russian History] (pp. 36–58). Moscow: OOO «APR». (In Russian)

Benford, R. D., & Hunt, S. A. (1992). Dramaturgy and Social Movements: The Social Construction and Communication of Power. Sociological Inquiry, 62, 35–55.

Boffa, J. (1994). Istoriya Sovetskogo Soyuza [The History of the Soviet Union] (Vols. 1–2). 2nd ed. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. (In Russian)

Borodkin, L. I. (2003). «Poryadok iz haosa»: koncepciya sinergetiki v metodologii istoricheskih issledovanij [“Order from Chaos”: The Concept of Synergy in the Methodology of Historical Research]. Novaya i novejshaya istoriya, 2, 107–114. (In Russian)

Budnickij, O. V. (2000). Terrorizm v rossijskom osvoboditel’nom dvizhenii: ideologiya, ehtika, psihologiya (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.) [Terrorism in the Russian Liberation Movement: Ideology, Ethics, Psychology (Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century)]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Russian)

Buharaev, V. M., & Lyukshin, D. I. (1994). Rossijskaya Smuta nachala XX v. kak obshchinnaya revolyuciya [The Russian Times of Trouble of the Early 20th Century as a Communal Revolution]. In V. V. Astafyev (Ed.), Istoricheskaya nauka v menyayushchemsya mire [Historical Science in a Changing World] (Iss. 2: Istoriografiya otechestvennoj istorii [A Historiography of Russian History] (pp. 154–160). Kazan: KGU. (In Russian)

Buldakov, V. P. (2010). Krasnaya smuta: priroda i posledstviya revolyucionnogo nasiliya [Red Disturbance: The Nature and Consequences of Revolutionary Violence]. 2nd ed. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Russian)

Buldakov, V. P. (2012). Revolyuciya i mifotvorchestvo: kollizii sovremennogo istoricheskogo voobrazheniya [Revolution and Myth-making: Collisions of Modern Historical Imagination]. In P. P. Marchenya, & S. Yu. Razin (Eds.), Rossiya i revolyuciya: proshloe i nastoyashchee sistemnyh krizisov russkoj istorii: sb. nauch. st. [Russia and the Revolution: The Past and Present of the Systemic Crises of Russian History] (pp. 59–81). Moscow: OOO «APR». (In Russian)

Danilova, L. V., & Danilov, V. P. (1996). Krest’yanskaya mental’nost’ i obshchina [Peasant Mentality and Community]. In V. P. Danilov, & L. V. Milov (Eds.), Mentalitet i agrarnoe razvitie Rossii: materialy mezhdunarodnoj konf. [The Mentality and Agrarian Development of Russia] (pp. 22–39). Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Russian)

Davies, S., & Harris, J. (2014). Stalin’s World, Dictating the Soviet Order. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Etkind, A. (2004). Stoletnyaya revolyuciya: yubilej nachala i nachalo konca [A Hundred Year Revolution: The Anniversary of the Beginning and the Beginning of the End]. Otechestvennye zapiski, 5. Retrieved from http://www.strana-oz.ru/2004/5/stoletnyaya-revolyuciya-yubiley-nachala-i-nachalo-konca#t2. (In Russian)

Figes, O. (2014). A People’s Tragedy. The Russian Revolution. London: The Bodley Head.

Fursov, A. I. (2012). Narod, vlast’ i smuta v Rossii: razmyshleniya na polyah odnoj diskussii [People, Power, and Troubles in Russia: Reflections in the Fields of One Discussion]. In P. P. Marchenya, & S. Yu. Razin (Eds.), Rossiya i revolyuciya: proshloe i nastoyashchee sistemnyh krizisov russkoj istorii: sb. nauch. st. [Russia and the Revolution: The Past and Present of the Systemic Crises of Russian History] (pp. 220–263). Moscow: OOO «APR». (In Russian)

Gavrov, S. N. (2004). Modernisaciya vo imya imperii: Sociokul’turnye aspekty modernisacionnyh processov v Rossii [Modernisation in the Name of the Empire: Sociocultural Aspects of Modernisation Processes in Russia]. Moscow: Editorial URSS. (In Russian)

Gomayunov, S. G. (1994). Kompozicionnyj metod v istoricheskom poznanii [Compositional Method in Historical Knowledge]. Moscow: MGU. (In Russian)

Gordon, A. V. (2012). Revolyucionnaya tradiciya v sravnitel’no-istoricheskoj perspektive (Rossiya — Franciya — Rossiya) [A Revolutionary Tradition in a Comparative Historical Perspective (Russia — France — Russia)]. In P. P. Marchenya, & S. Yu. Razin (Eds.), Rossiya i revolyuciya: proshloe i nastoyashchee sistemnyh krizisov russkoj istorii: sb. nauch. st. [Russia and Revolution: The Past and Present of System Crises of Russian History] (pp. 82–107). Moscow: OOO «APR». (In Russian)

Grinin, L. E., Korotaev, A. V., & Malkov, S. Yu. (Eds.). (2010). O prichinah russkoj revolyucii [On the Causes of the Russian Revolution]. Moscow: Izd-vo LKI. (In Russian)

Holquist, P. (2002). Making War, Forging Revolution. Russia’s Continuum of Crisis, 1914–1921. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press.

Il’icheva, L. F., & Fedoseeva, P. N. (Eds.). (1983). Filosofskij ehnciklopedicheskij slovar’ [Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary]. Moscow: Sovetskaya ehnciklopediya. (In Russian)

Ionov, I. N. (1995). Rossijskaya civilisaciya IX — nachala XX veka: uchebnik dlya 10–11 klassov [The Russian Civilisation between the 9th and the Early 20th Centuries]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie. (In Russian)

Istoriya Vsesoyuznoj Kommunisticheskoj Partii (bol’shevikov). Kratkij kurs [The History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Short Course]. (1938). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoj literatury.

Karr, E. H. (1990). Istoriya Sovetskoj Rossii [The History of Soviet Russia] (Vols. 1–14). (Book 1, Vols. 1–2: Bol’shevistskaya revolyuciya 1917–1923 [The Bolshevik Revolution]). Moscow: Progress. (In Russian)

Kosmach, V. A. (2014). Velikaya russkaya revolyuciya 1917–1922 goda i ee posledstviya: opyt sravnitel’no-istoricheskogo analiza [The Great Russian Revolution of 1917–1922 and its Consequences: An Attempt at Comparative Historical Analysis]. Metamorfozy istorii, 5, 391–423. (In Russian)

Lenin, V. I. (1969). Gosudarstvo i revolyuciya [The State and Revolution]. In V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenij [Complete Works]. 5th ed. (Vol. 33, pp. 1–120). Moscow: Izd-vo politicheskoj literatury. (In Russian)

Lenin, V. I. (1970). Novye vremena, starye oshibki v novom vide [New Times and Old Mistakes in a New Guise]. In V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenij [Complete Works]. 5th ed. (Vol. 44, pp. 101–109). Moscow: Izd-vo politicheskoj literatury. (In Russian)

Marchenya, P. P. (2012). Bessmyslennost’ i smysl Russkoj revolyucii: Fevral’ i Oktyabr’ v istorii Rossii [The Meaninglessness and Meaning of the Russian Revolution: February and October in the History of Russia]. In P. P. Marchenya, & S. Yu. Razin, Rossiya i revolyuciya: proshloe i nastoyashchee sistemnyh krizisov russkoj istorii: sb. nauch. st. [Russia and the Revolution: The Past and Present of the Systemic Crises of Russian History] (pp. 194–219). Moscow: OOO «APR». (In Russian)

Marchenya, P. P. (2015). Krest’yanskoe soznanie kak dominanta Russkoj revolyucii [Peasant Consciousness as the Dominant of the Russian Revolution]. Nauchnyj dialog, 12 (48), 303–315. (In Russian)

Medushevskij, A. N. (2017). Prichiny i krushenie demokraticheskoj respubliki v Rossii 1917 goda [The Reasons and the Collapse of the Democratic Republic in Russia in 1917]. Otechestvennaya istoriya, 6, 3–27. (In Russian)

Men’kovskij, V. I. (Ed.). (2009). Sovremennaya rossijskaya istoriografiya [Modern Russian Historiography] (Pts. 1–2). (Pt. 1). Minsk: RIVSH. (In Russian)

Minz, I. I. (1977–1979). Istoriya Velikogo Oktyabrya [The History of Great October] (Vols. 1–3). 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)

Mironov, B. N. (2012). Blagosostoyanie naseleniya i revolyucii v imperskoj Rossii XVIII — nachala XX veka [The Welfare of the Population and the Revolution in Imperial Russia between the 18th and Early 20th Centuries]. Moscow: Ves’ mir. (In Russian)

Mironov, B. N. (2013). Strasti po revolyucii: nravy v rossijskoj istoriografii v vek informacii [Passion for the Revolution: Mores in Russian Historiography in the Information Age]. Moscow: Ves’ mir. (In Russian)

Mironov, B. N. (2014). Rossijskaya imperiya: ot tradicii k modernu [The Russian Empire: From Tradition to Modernity] (Vols. 1–3). St Petersburg: Dmitrij Bulanin. (In Russian)

Narskij, I. V. (2001). Zhizn’ v katastrofe: Budni naseleniya Urala v 1917–1922 gg. [Life in a Catastrophe: Everyday Life of the Urals between 1917 and 1922]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Russian)

Narskij, I. V. (2016). Kogda i chem zakonchilas’ revolyuciya na Urale, ili Byl li NEP v regione? [When and how did the Revolution in the Urals End, or Was there NEP in the Region?]. In O. S. Porshneva, & L. N. Mazur (Eds.), 1917 god v Rossii: socialistcheskaya ideya, revolyucionnaya mifologiya i praktika: sb. nauch. tr. [1917 in Russia: Socialist Idea, Revolutionary Mythology and Practice] (pp. 280–287). Yekaterinburg: Ural University Press. (In Russian)

Nefedov, S. A. (2009). Agrarnye i demograficheskie itogi russkoj revolyucii [The Agrarian and Demographic Results of the Russian Revolution]. Yekaterinburg: Izd-vo UGGU. (In Russian)

Obertreiss, J. (2004). Tränen des Sozialismus. Wohnen in Leningrad zwischen Alltag und Utopie, 1917–1937. Köln: Böhlau Verlag.

Pipes, R. (1993). Rossiya pri starom rezhime [Russia under the Old Regime]. Moscow: Nezavisimaya gazeta. (In Russian)

Pipes, R. (2005). Russkaya revolyuciya [The Russian Revolution] (Vols. 1–2). Moscow: Zakharov. (In Russian)

Plaggenborg, S. (1996). Revolutionskultur. Menschenbilder und kulturelle Praxis in Sowjetrussland zwischen Oktoberrevolution und Stalinismus. Köln: [u. a.].

Ponomarev, B. N., & Khvostov, V. M. (Eds.). (1966–1980). Istoriya SSSR s drevnejshih vremen do nashih dnej [The History of the USSR from Ancient Times to the Present Day] (Vols. 1–12). (Vols. 7–9). Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)

Sanborn, J. (2003). Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.

Scott, J. (2005). Blagimi namereniyami gosudarstva. Pochemu i kak provalivalis’ proekty uluchsheniya chelovecheskoj zhizni [The Good Intentions of the State. Why and How Projects to Improve Human Life Failed]. Moscow: Universitetskaya kniga. (In Russian)

Semennikova, L. I. (2000). Rossiya v mirovom soobshchestve civilisacii [Russia in the World Community of Civilisations]. Bryansk: Kursiv. (In Russian)

Semennikova, L. I. (2015). V poiskah teoreticheskih instrumentov: sovetskij proekt [In Search of Theoretical Tools: The Soviet Project]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 21: Upravlenie (gosudarstvo i obshchestvo), 2, 3–15. (In Russian)

Shanin, T. (1997). Revolyuciya kak moment istiny. Rossiya 1905–1907–1917–1922 gg. [Revolution as a Moment of Truth. Russia 1905–1907–1917–1922]. Moscow: Ves’ mir. (In Russian)

Vert, N. (1998). Istoriya sovetskogo gosudarstva. 1900–1991 [The History of the Soviet State. 1900–1991]. 2nd ed. Moscow: INFRA-M. (In Russian)

Volkogonov, D. A. (1994). Lenin: politicheskij portret [Lenin: Political Portrait] (Books 1–2). Moscow: Novosti. (In Russian)

Volobuev, P. V., & Buldakov, V. P. (1996). Oktyabr’skaya revolyuciya: novye podhody k izucheniyu [The October Revolution: New Approaches to Studying]. Voprosy istorii, 5–6, 28–38. (In Russian)

Yarov, S. V. (2006). Konformizm v Sovetskoj Rossii: Petrograd 1917–1920-h godov [Conformism in Soviet Russia: Petrograd between 1917 and the 1920s]. St Petersburg: Evropejskij dom. (In Russian)




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2017.19.3.039

Ссылки

  • На текущий момент ссылки отсутствуют.


Bookmark and Share


© (website) Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина

Адрес редакции: 620000, Екатеринбург, пр. Ленина, 51. «Известия Уральского федерального университета. Серия 2. Гуманитарные науки»

E-mail: izvestia.2@yandex.ru