Muslim and Newly-Baptised Tartars in Novgorod: The Formation and Functioning of a Minor Social Group in the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.3.177Abstract
The article uses the prosopographical method to examine the history of Muslim and newly-baptised Tatars in Novgorod after 1550. 418 biographies were studied. The main sources were documents from the Razryad (service lists) and Pomestny Prikaz (land chancellery): local Novgorod court records also furnished further information. The history of the Novgorod Tartars began in the 1550s, when groups from Astrakhan and Kazan were settled in the eastern part of Novgorod region (Sugletsa and Udomlya districts). As they served the tsar, they received landed estates in Novgorod that were populated with Orthodox peasants. Between 1550 and 1611, different Muslim groups were transferred to Novgorod from Azov, the Crimea, and Bukhara; these groups maintained special identities for a long time. The conversion of Muslims to Orthodoxy is focused upon in this article: the process was slow, but the predominance of Orthodoxy in the region gradually induced local Tartar groups to accept baptism. In 1605, there were 197 newly-baptised Tartars and 48 Muslims. After the Time of Troubles, the differences between the various groups of Tartars disappeared. Most of the Tartars lost their landed estates and started to serve for food and salary; nonetheless, this special group of Novgorodian servicemen continued to exist until the Great Northern War.
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Akty Moskovskogo gosudarstva [Acts of Muscovite State]. (1890). Vol. 1. 766 p. Moscow, Izd. tipografii Imperatorskoy akademii nauk.
Arakcheev, V. A. (1993). Utrachennyy ukaz 1582 g. ob ispomeshchenii “detey boyarskikh nemetskikh gorodov” i ego realizatsiya [The Lost Order of 1582 on Giving Estates to the Boyar Sons from “Nemetskie Goroda” and Its Implementation]. In Feodal′naya Rossiya. Novye issledovaniya (pp. 38–42). St. Petersburg, Tret′ya Rossiya.
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Belyakov, A. V. (2005). Uchastie sibirskogo tsarevicha Altanaya ibn Kuchuma v sobytiyakh Smutnogo vremeni i ego sud′ba [The Participation of Siberian Prince Altanay ibn Kutchum in the Time of Troubles Events and His Fate]. In Mininskie chteniya : materialy nauchnoy konferentsii. Nizhegorodsky gosudarstvennyy universitet imeni N.I. Lobachevskogo (29–30 oktyabrya 2004 g.) (pp. 21–35). Nizhny Novgorod, Izd-vo Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta.
Belyakov, A. V. (2011). Chingisidy v Rossii XV–XVII vekov : Prosopograficheskoe issledovanie [Chingisides in 16th–17th Century Russia. A Prosopographical Study]. 512 p. Ryazan, Ryazan′. Mir.
Dopolneniya k aktam istoricheskim, sobrannyya i izdannyya arkheograficheskoyu kommissieyu [Addenda to Historical Acta Collected and Published by the Archaeograpic Commission]. (1846). Vol. 1. 400 p. St. Petersburg, Izd. tipografii Imp. Kantselyarii.
Jordebocker. (1859). Pistsovye knigi Izhorskoy zemli [Record Books of Ingria]. Vol. 1. Gody 1618–1623. 151 p. St. Petersburg, V tipografii Imperatorskoy akademii nauk.
Kozlyakov, V. N. (1999). Sluzhilyy “gorod” Moskovskogo gosudarstva XVII veka (ot Smuty do Sobornogo ulozheniya) [Service “Town” of the 17th Century Muscovite State (From the Time of Troubles to the Sobor Legislation]. (Dissertation abstract). 50 p. St. Petersburg.
Krotov, M. G. (1982). Desyatni XVI – nachala XVII v. kak istorichesky istochnik [16th – Early 17th century Service Lists as a Historical Source]. In Istochnikovedenie I istoriografiya istorii SSSR : Dooktyabr′sky period (pp. 56–72). Moscow, Izd-vo Instituta istorii SSSR AN. URL: http://www.krotov.org/yakov/desyatni/ind_des.html (mode of access: 27.04.2016).
Kukovenko, V. K. (2004) Ivan Groznyy i oprichnina [Ivan the Terrible and Oprichnina]. In Ioann Groznyy : antologiya (pp. 476–498). Moscow, EKSMO.
Kurbatov, O. A. (2006). Polk Antoniya Granovskogo v pokhode 1654 g.: o polozhenii voennykh spetsialistov inzhenernogo i artilleriyskogo dela v russkom voyske [Antony Granovsky’s Regiment in the 1654 Company: Towards the Issue of Military Experts in Engineering and Artillery Position in Russian Army]. In Inozemtsy v Rossii v XV–XVII vekakh : sbornik materialov konferentsy 2002–2004 gg. (pp. 316–335). Moscow, Drevlekhranilishche.
Moiseev, M. V. (2013). Predstaviteli politicheskikh elit pokorennykh tatarskikh khanstv v Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVI v.: Khosrov-bek [Representatives of Political Elites of Tarta Khanates in Russia in the 2nd half of the 16th Century: Hosrov-Beck]. In Istoricheskie biografii v kontekste regional′nykh i imperskikh granits Severnoy Evropy (pp. 41–46). St. Petersburg, Izd-vo NIUVShE.
Moiseev, M. V. (2016). Musul′manskaya politika Russkogo gosudarstva v epokhu Ivana Groznogo: diskussionnye aspekty [The Muslim Policy of the Russian State under Ivan the Terrible: Controversial Aspects]. In Questatio Rossica, 1, pp. 37–54. DOI 10.15826/QR.2016.1.140.
Nevolin, K. A. (1853). O pyatinakh i pogostakh novgorodskikh [Towards the Issue of Novgorod Pyatina and Pogost]. 663 p. St. Petersburg, Izd. tipografii Imperatorskoy akademii nauk.
Orlenko, S. P. (2002). Vykhodtsy iz Zapadnoy Evropy i russkie gorozhane v XVII veke (po neopublikovannym istochnikam RGADA) [Resettlers from Western Europe andRussian Townsmen in 17th Century (On the Unpublished Sources from RGADA)]. In Slavyanovedenie, 2, pp. 69–81.
Pistsovye knigi Novgorodskoy zemli [Record Books of Novgorod Land]. (1999). Vol. 1. 432 p. St. Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Postnikov, I. N. (1921). Dvoryanskoe zemlevladenie v Bezhetskom uezde [Noblemen Landownership in Bezhetsk District]. In Bezhetsky Kray (pp. 36–55). Bezhetsk, Gos. izdvo,Tverskoe otdelenie.
Prikhodnaya kniga Novgorodskogo doma svyatoy Sofii. 1576/77 g. [The Receipt Bookof Novgorod St. Sophia Estate]. (2011). 284 p. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkheo-Al′yans.
Razryadnaya kniga 1475–1605 gg. : v 3 t. [Razryad Book of 1475–1605] (1982). Vol.2. Part 3. 914 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Riksarkivet, Stockholm, Ockupationsarkivet från Novgorod. Ser. 1 : 4, 1 : 46, 1 : 64, 2 : 25. RGADA – Rossiysky gosudarstvennyy arkhiv drevnikh aktov [Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts]. Stock 1209 (Pomestnyj Prikaz). Dossier 962, 964, 16925, 16935, 16936,16942, 16974; Stock 210. List 4. Dossier 122; Stock 96. 1616. Dossier 6, 10.
Samokvasov, D. Ya. (1905). Arkhivnyy material : v 2 t. [Archival Data]. Vol. 1.Novootkrytye dokumenty pomestno-votchinnykh uchrezhdeniy Moskovskogo tsarstva.800 p. Moscow, Izd. Imp. Moskovskogo universiteta.
Samokvasov, D. Ya. (1909). Arkhivnyy material : v 2 t. [Archival Data]. Vol. 2.Novootkrytye dokumenty pomestno-votchinnykh uchrezhdeniy Moskovskogo tsarstva.Part 2. 850 p. Moscow, Izd. Imp. Moskovskogo universiteta.
Sedov, P. V. (1993). Pomestnye i denezhnye oklady kak istochnik po istorii dvoryanstva v Smutu [Land and Money Ranks as a Source for Noblemen History during the Time of Troubles]. In Arkhiv russkoy istorii, Iss. 3, pp. 227–241. Moscow, Arkheografichesky tsentr.
Selin, A. A. (2008). Novgorodskoe obshchestvo epokhi Smuty [Novgorod Society during the Time of Troubles]. 752 p. St. Petersburg, Blits.
Selin, A. A. (2009). Kompleks dokumentov o vizite datskogo printsa Yukhana v Novgorod v avguste 1602 g. [Data Complex Concerning Prince Johan’s visit to Novgorod in August, 1602]. In Drevnyaya Rus′ : Voprosy medievistiki, 3, pp. 101–102.
Selin, A. A. (2014). Priezd printsa Gansa Datskogo v Moskovskoe gosudarstvo i Novgorodskiy sluzhilyy gorod v 1602 g. [The Arrival of Prince Hans of Denmark to Muscovy and Novgorod Servicemen Corporation in 1602]. In Edinorog : Materialy po voennoy istorii Vostochnoy Evropy, Iss. 3, pp. 278–349. Moscow, Russkie vityazi.
Smirnov, N. V. (2010). Livonskaya voyna i goroda Livonii [Livonian War and Towns of Livonia]. In Baltiysky vopros v kontse XV – XVI v. : sbornik nauchnykh statey (pp. 454–481). Moscow, Kvadriga.
Tsentr istoricheskikh issledovany [Center of Historical Researches]. URL: http://sh.spb.hse.ru/chr/socialhistory (mode of access: 31.05.2016).
Vinogradov, A. V. (2010). Russko-krymskie otnosheniya v 1570–1590-kh gg. v kontekste dinasticheskogo krizisa Gireev [Russian-Crimean Relations in the 1570s–1590s in the Context of Girej Dynastic Crisis]. In Srednevekovye tyurko-tatarskie gosudarstva, Iss. 2, pp. 274–299. Kazan, Ikhlas.
Vorob′ev, V. M. (2003). Lzhedmitry I i sud′by sluzhby “po otechestvu” pomestnoy sistemy [False Dimitry and I Changes in the Land Estate Service System]. In Proshloe Novgoroda i Novgorodskoy zemli : materialy nauchnoy konferentsii 18–20 noyabrya 2003 goda (pp. 47–49). Veliky Novgorod, NovGU im.Yaroslava Mudrogo.
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Published
2016-09-30
How to Cite
Selin, A. (2016). Muslim and Newly-Baptised Tartars in Novgorod: The Formation and Functioning of a Minor Social Group in the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries. Quaestio Rossica, 4(3), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.3.177
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