Полемика о дате постройки храма Усекновения главы Иоанна св. Предтечи в Керчи

Aleksandr Il’ich Aibabin

Аннотация


С рубежа XVIII–XIX вв. не прекращается полемика о дате сооружения храма Усекновения главы Иоанна Предтечи в Керчи. П. И. Сумароков впервые упомянул эпитафию, вырезанную на одной из поддерживающих церковный свод мраморных колонн. По эпитафии, датированной 757 г., время постройки храма определяли Н. Н. Мурзакевич, Ф. К. Брун и др. В. В. Латышев, издавший в 1883 г. ее исправленный текст и перевод, утверждал, что эпитафия не является свидетельством о времени постройки храма и датировал его XIII в. Н. П. Кондаков по архитектурным признакам отнес храм к IX–X вв. Н. И. Брунов в 1927 г. детально рассмотрел архитектуру керченского храма, но вопреки данным собственного архитектурного анализа отнес сооружение храма по эпитафии к первой половине VIII в. Т. И. Макарова высказалась против обоснования времени постройки храма по эпитафии и датировала его рубежом IX–X вв. по керамике из слоя, в котором соорудили фундамент здания. А. И. Комеч и В. В. Седов проигнорировали археологические материалы, обнаруженные в результате раскопок и реставрации. По архитектурным особенностям храма А. И. Комеч датировал его возведение второй половиной XIV в., а В. В. Седов – второй половиной XIII – первой половиной XIV в. или концом XIII в. По амфорам-голосникам из храма Иоанна Предтечи его сооружение следует отнести к XI в. Монета князя Олега-Михаила 1078 г. из зачищенной на храмовом некрополе плитовой могилы 11 позволяет ограничить хронологические рамки строительства первой – третьей четвертями XI в.

Ключевые слова


Средневековый Крым; Керчь; храм Усекновения главы Иоанна Предтечи; византийская храмовая архитектура

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Литература


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2025.53.007

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