Хронотопия города

Elena Yakovlevna Burlina

Аннотация


Целью статьи является обоснование понятия «хронотопия города». Оно позволяет сопоставлять разные городские типы в контексте цивилизационного развития. Хронотоп старого города и хронотопы индустриальных районов, «вес» прошлого и новые кварталы. «Хронотопия» рассматривается в данной статье как важный инструмент диагностики, своего рода «отпечаток» разных культурных и цивилизационных типов. Профессор Карл Шлёгель, выдающийся немецкий специалист по городам России, писал: «Видим пространство, понимаем время». Данный метод был апробирован в ряде исследований автора данной статьи, а также в публикациях аспирантов и докторантов кафедры философии и культурологии СамГМУ. Укажем на проект «Пространственно-временная диагностика города» (грант РГНФ № 14 03 00036), выполнявшийся автором и его молодыми коллегами, благодаря поддержке Российского гуманитарного научного Фонда. В его рамках был опубликован блок научных статей, а также сборники и монографии, в том числе «Город и время» (2012), «Время в городе» (2013), «Город как сцена» (2015), «Хронотопия города» (2016). Задачи первых двух параграфов данной статьи — анализ отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, близких авторской концепции хронотопии города, или пространственно-временной диагностике. Задача третьей, финальной части статьи — диалог с фундаментальной работой немецкого культурфилософа и историка, профессора Шлёгеля «Советский век» (2017). Профессор Шлёгель, опираясь на Н. П. Анциферова, М. М. Бахтина и других известных российских культурологов, считает, что хронотоп города — самый точный инструмент анализа всей советской цивилизации. Советский индустриальный город прочитывается в «минихронотопах»: коммуналка, очередь, барахолка и др. По мнению автора данной статьи, перечень «советских хронотопов» более разнообразен и контрастен. В том числе «советский хронотоп» включал то, что М. М. Бахтин называл пространствами «вненаходимости». Вывод автора статьи состоит в том, что выбор «инструментов» (хронотопов) для анализа города продуктивен и далеко не исчерпан.

Ключевые слова


хронотопы и архетипы города, культурфилософские подходы, диагностика, пространственно-временная диагностика, хронотоп советского города, концепция К. Шлёгеля, хронотопы «вненаходимости» по М. М. Бахтину, Л. А. Заксу

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Литература


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/koinon.2021.02.3.029

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