Осмысление российской Гражданской войны в контексте двух юбилейных дат

Olga Sergeevna Porshneva, Mikhail Arkadyevich Feldman

Аннотация


В статье рассматривается влияние юбилеев Первой мировой войны и революции 1917 г. на осмысление феномена российской Гражданской войны профессиональными историками. Показано, что 100-летние юбилеи этих эпохальных событий вызвали активизацию дискуссий в ходе конференций, на страницах публикуемых монографий и сборников статей. Обосновывается тезис о том, что определяющим трендом мировой историографии является «вписывание» периода Гражданской войны в рамки более длительного процесса военно-революционного кризиса 1914–1922 гг., имевшего общеевропейский характер, на основе выявления его предпосылок, тенденций развития, характеристик, специфических российских черт. Юбилейные мероприятия и публикации зарубежной и отечественной историографии выявили интерес к изучению опыта войны, культуры и символического пространства военно-революционной эпохи, социальных практик и институтов военного времени, проблем исторической памяти. Проблематика, акцентирующая внимание на эмоциях и индивидуальных переживаниях людей в эпоху военно-революционного кризиса, получила мощный импульс к развитию, что свидетельствовало о дополнении исторических исследований мемориальной перспективой. Наряду с этим в период юбилейных событий отчетливо проявилась тенденция отечественной историографии к активизации исследований Гражданской войны в контексте истории советского проекта. В фокусе внимания оказываются элементы преемственности и институциональные изменения, утопические компоненты большевистского проектирования, практики и механизмы конструирования новой реальности, утвердившиеся в период Гражданской войны и оказавшие форматирующее воздействие на советскую систему. Юбилейные события наглядно продемонстрировали основные тенденции трансформации «памяти историков» об этой эпохе, происходящей под влиянием научных и общественных запросов.

 


Ключевые слова


юбилеи; историография; Первая мировая война; российская революция 1917 г.; Гражданская война; историческая память.

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Литература


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2018.20.3.042

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