Печать Константина, сына протопроедра и эксусиократора всей Алании (ок. 1065–1075 гг.)

Andrey Yurievich Vinogradov, Victor Nikolaevich Chkhaidze

Аннотация


В статье предлагается исправленное чтение печати, происходящей из раскопок Анакопии (Абхазия), которая принадлежала Константину, сыну протопроедра и эксусиократора всей Алании. Палеография печати позволяет датировать ее второй половиной XI в., но исторический контекст и титул протопроедра сужают эту дату до интервала 1065–1075 гг. Находка может быть связана с византийско-грузинским конфликтом, произошедшим из-за Анакопии, вероятно, с переговорами о ее возвращении грузинскому царю, которые произошли вскоре после 1074 г. Узкая хронология печати говорит в пользу идентификации аланского эксусиократора как Дорголела (упомянутого в 1068 г.), что исключает возможность того, что Константин – владелец печати и Константин Алан, упомянутый в 1045–1047 гг., являлись одним и тем же лицом. Владелец печати Константин, возможно? наследник Дорголела, может быть братом Ирины, жены протопроедра Исаака Комнина, и присуждение того же высокого титула его отцу в 1065–1075 гг. указывает на византийско-аланский союз, который позволил сделать возможным брак Ирины и Исаака Комнина в 1072 г. и участие 6 000 аланских всадников в подавлении восстания Русселя де Байё в 1073–1074 гг. Уникальный титул «эксусиократор всей Алании», засвидетельствованный на печати и в списке митрополитов Болгарии, вероятно, может быть отражением борьбы аланского правителя против центробежных тенденций в его владениях в течение XII в.; его последующее исчезновение предполагает, что титул мог быть разовой, ситуативной инвенцией Дорголела.

Ключевые слова


Византия; византийская сфрагистика; просопография; Анакопия; Алания; Грузия

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Литература


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2021.49.008

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