В поисках христианских древностей: переосмысление в Новое время средневековых памятников Крыма

Nikita Igorevich Khrapunov

Аннотация


В статье рассматриваются интерпретации некоторых памятников архитектурного и археологического наследия Крыма, возникшие в Новое время. Путешественники-христиане, описывавшие в XVII–XIX вв. Крымский полуостров, пришли к выводу, что наиболее выдающиеся соборные мечети были перестроенными церквями. Они исходили из убеждения в неспособности мусульман создать столь величественные сооружения, а также из их умозрительных представлений об архитектуре. Дополнительный импульс этим рассуждениям придало присоединение Крыма к России. Сказывалось отсутствие точных знаний о ранней христианской истории региона и истории архитектуры в целом. После присоединения Крыма к России некоторые авторы независимо друг от друга пришли к мысли о том, что средневековые «пещерные» города и монастыри были звеном в культурных и религиозных связях между Византией и Русью. Основанием для таких выводов стало визуальное сходство между искусственными пещерами Крыма и Святогорского и Киево-Печерского монастырей. Проанализированные сюжеты говорят о попытках отыскать «древнейшее прошлое» крымского христианства, не имевших отношения к исторической реальности. Однако такого рода суждения характеризуют особенности мышления представителей интеллектуальной элиты Нового времени.


Ключевые слова


средневековый Крым; историческая имагология; записки путешественников; пещерные города Крыма; соборные мечети; исторические мифы

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2024.52.024

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