ХРОМАТОГРАФИЯ В КОНТРОЛЕ КАЧЕСТВА И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Аннотация
Проведен анализ опубликованных работ, нормативных документов и оригинальных статей, посвященных проблемам контроля качества и безопасности строительных материалов. Показано, что при определении в строительных материалах различных вредных веществ, органических и неорганических ингредиентов для практических и научных целей наиболее часто используются методы хроматографии, которые позволяют установить наличие и содержание широкого круга экотоксикантов и других компонентов в газовой фазе, растворах и твердой матрице. На основе анализа литературных данных проведена оценка содержаний основных экотоксикантов в различных материалах и строительных объектах. Обсуждены проблемы аналитического контроля в строительном материаловедении. Обсуждены особенности и возможности применения различных вариантов хроматографии при оценке качества и безопасности продукции строительной индустрии. Выделено три блока задач в аналитическом контроле качества и безопасности строительных материалов. Это установление экологической безопасности; определение комплекса технических свойств, гарантирующих безопасную эксплуатацию материалов, изделий и конструкций; распознавание контрафакта и идентификация фирменной продукции.
Ключевые слова: экотоксиканты, полимеры, строительные материалы, газожидкостная хроматография, высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография, хромато-масс-спектрометрия.
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