ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ РЕНТГЕНОФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ЧАЯ И КОФЕ
Аннотация
Результаты анализа пищевых продуктов являются важным источником информации об их качестве. Рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ (РФА) вносит значительный вклад в изучение проблем, связанных с продуктами питания. Чай является одним из основных напитков, потребляемых населением Земли. Сложный химический состав чая зависит от многих факторов, в частности, от состава почвы, условий выращивания, сорта чая и др. В листьях чая и зёрнах кофе содержится большинство элементов, необходимых для здоровья человека. Из-за специфического аромата и положительного влияния на здоровье человека, кофе и чай являются одними из любимых напитков в мире. Применение традиционных химических методов для определения содержаний отдельных элементов в чае и кофе связано с трудоёмкими химическими процедурами обработки исследуемых материалов: концентрирование, экстракция, разбавление, что приводит к дополнительным погрешностям. Представлен обзор текущего состояния проблемы применения РФА при исследовании химического состава чая и кофе. Отмечены достижения в разработке рентгеноспектральной аппаратуры, в частности портативных и микро-РФА спектрометров. Кратко рассмотрены способы подготовки проб. По мере развития аналитической химии подготовка проб становится этапом анализа, занимающим иногда более половины общего времени анализа. Приведены примеры определения содержаний основных и микроэлементов, выполненные для оценки влияния природных факторов на аккумуляцию растениями отдельных элементов; для оценки качества чая и кофе, проверки содержания токсичных элементов и подлинности продуктов, а также их географического происхождения. При анализе рассматриваемых продуктов с помощью РФА использовались различные способы для преобразования экспериментальных интенсивностей в содержания определяемых элементов: внешнего стандарта; стандарта-фона и фундаментальных параметров. Отмечено, что исследователи сталкиваются со значительными взаимными влияниями элементов. Представлены оценки межэлементных воздействий на интенсивности аналитических линий для чая, кофе и некоторых растений.
Ключевые слова: рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ, исследование чая и кофе, оценка и учёт взаимных влияний элементов
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.1.015Полный текст:
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