ЭФИРНЫЕ МАСЛА: МЕТОДЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОДЛИННОСТИ И ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ФАЛЬСИФИКАЦИИ. ОБЗОР
Аннотация
Эфирные масла являются продуктами природного происхождения, которые находят самое разнообразное применение в различных областях промышленности. Высокая стоимость, трудоемкость производства и широкое использование приводят к тому, что в продаже наряду с качественными эфирными маслами часто встречают фальсифицированные. Применение поддельных масел повышает их опасность для человека, в связи с чем установление подлинности эфирных масел имеет большое значение. В обзоре проведен анализ опубликованных работ и нормативных документов, посвященных вопросам определения подлинности и выявления фальсификации эфирных масел. Рассмотрен компонентный состав эфирных масел, его вариабельность в зависимости от места произрастания эфиромасличного растения и технологии выделения масла. Обсуждены основные способы фальсификации эфирных масел и спектр используемых для этого приемов, необходимость применения соответствующих методов исследования, позволяющих контролировать подлинность продукции. Проведен анализ литературы и нормативной базы, регламентирующей качество эфирных масел, существующих методов определения их подлинности, указывают достоинства и недостатки. Особое внимание уделено методу масс-спектрометрии изотопных отношений, как наиболее перспективному, вследствие высокой точности и возможности применения для исследования практически любого типа масла. Приведены основные теоретические положения исследования стабильных изотопов и их фракционирования, принципиальные особенности методов измерения. Подтверждено широкое использование метода масс-спектрометрии изотопных отношений на практике конкретными примерами с демонстрацией новых возможностей данного метода, связанных с использованием изотопного профилирования и комбинированных методов изотопного анализа. Отмечена важность для определения подлинности масел информации об изотопном составе их компонентов, который является индикатором любых искусственных процессов, происходящих с эфирным маслом в результате фальсификации.
Ключевые слова: эфирные масла, компонентный состав, фальсификация, подлинность, методы, хроматография, спектроскопия, изотопная масс-спектрометрия
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.010Полный текст:
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.010
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