125 ЛЕТ СО ДНЯ ОТКРЫТИЯ РЕНТГЕНОВСКИХ ЛУЧЕЙ
Аннотация
Рассмотрен вклад российских физиков в исследование особенностей рентгеновского излучения и развитие вариантов его применения на практике. Активное участие в распространении информации о рентгеновских лучах и их свойствах принимали российские учёные (Ф.Ф. Петрушевский, А.С. Попов, П.Н. Лебедев, И.И. Боргман, Н.Г. Егоров, О.Д. Хвольсон и др.). Морской офицер-мeдик В.С. Крaвчeнкo в 1904 г. впервые в истории морской медицины использовал рентгеновские лучи для диагностических целей в условиях морского похода нa бoрту крeйсера "Aврoрa". Г.В. Вульф дал теоретическое обоснование результатам Л. Брэгга по исследованию отражения рентгеновских лучей от плоскости спайности слюды. В 1914 г. талантливый инженер-технолог Н.А. Федорицкий подготовил и реализовал технический проект автомобиля-рентгеновского кабинета. В лабораториях Ленинградского физико-технического института (организован в 1918 г.) была создана научная база для исследований по рентгенофизике и развития рентгенографического анализа в Советском Союзе. Кратко рассмотрен вклад И.Б. Боровского, М.А. Блохина, Э.Е. Вайнштейна, К.И. Нарбутта, Р.Л. Баринского, Н.И. Комяка, Н.Ф. Лосева и М.А. Кумахова. Основное внимание автор уделил одному из направлений рентгеноспектрального анализа – применению его для определения химического состава материалов. Автор разделяет заключение Н.П. Ильина (2002 г): “Нашими специалистами разрабатывались практически все основные направления рентгеноспектрального анализа, а в решении ряда теоретических и методических вопросов они опережали своих зарубежных коллег”.
Ключевые слова: 125 лет со дня открытия рентгеновских лучей, вклад российских физиков
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.1.008
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