Изображение на обложке

Проточные методы, как общий подход к автоматизации химического анализа водных сред (обзор)

L. N. Moskvin, N. M. Yakimova, A. L. Moskvin

Аннотация


Предлагаемая статья посвящена рассмотрению общих подходов к автоматизации анализа водных сред, являющихся основными объектами химического анализа: природных и сбросных вод, а также технологических сред в различных областях промышленности: микроэлектронике, биохимических производствах, атомной и тепловой энергетике, являющихся главными потребителями воды высокой чистоты, необходимой для предпусковых промывок внутриконтурного оборудования до требуемых кондиций чистоты его поверхностей, для приготовления теплоносителей, обеспечивающих функционирование ядерно- и теплоэнергетических объектов. Во всех перечисленных случаях жестко регламентируется содержание примесей в используемых или отработанных и подлежащих сбросу водных средах. Поскольку изменение содержания примесей в контролируемых средах часто происходит спонтанно и связано с отказами в работе оборудования контролируемых объектов, для оперативного реагирования на них и для их своевременного устранения химико-технологический контроль нормируемых параметров водных сред любого из названных происхождения и назначения предпочтительно осуществлять в непрерывном автоматическом режиме on-line, гарантирующем исключение пропусков или задержек в получении информации об отказах оборудования в контролируемом объекте в случае технологического контроля или о несанкционированных сбросах загрязняющих веществ в случае экологического контроля. Исходя из этих предпосылок, рассматриваются возможные методические подходы к созданию систем непрерывного химического контроля качества или загрязненности водных сред, и обсуждается предпочтительность для этих целей различных вариантов проточных методов в порядке их появления в арсенале химиков-аналитиков.

Ключевые слова: автоматизация, химический анализа, водные среды, проточные методы, непрерывный проточный анализ, проточно - инжекционный, циклический инжекционный, последовательный инжекционный.


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Литература


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2023.27.1.001

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