Роль экспертного сообщества США в формировании политики снижения угрозы ядерной войны в годы холодной войны

Anastasiia Aleksandrovna Malygina, Nadezhda Sergeevna Kulibaba

Аннотация


Данная работа посвящена изучению роли экспертного сообщества США в формировании политики снижения угрозы ядерной войны в период Холодной войны. Авторы рассматривают два способа взаимодействия экспертов с властью: прямое (посредством участия экспертов в различных профильных комитетах и комиссиях, подготовки аналитических отчетов) и через взаимодействие с гражданским обществом (публикация исследований, формирование общественного мнения касательно ядерного оружия). Особое внимание уделяется роли советско-американского экспертного диалога в уменьшении угрозы ядерной войны. Авторы также рассматривают деятельность общественных организаций («Врачи мира за предотвращения ядерной войны», «Группа доверия», «Physicians for Social Responsibility»). В результате исследования авторы приходят к выводу, что американские эксперты формировали дискуссию о необходимости предотвращения ядерной войны как среди правительственных структур, так и внутри гражданского общества, а также поддерживали диалог с советскими экспертами, что повлияло на общее восприятие факторов, способных привести к началу ядерной войны (nuclear risks perception). Кроме того, эксперты выступали источниками новых идей, которые впоследствии были реализованы политическими деятелями на практике.

Ключевые слова


угроза ядерной войны, США, СССР, экспертное сообщество, контроль над ядерными вооружениями, гражданское общество

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/koinon.2021.02.2.022

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